Model+United+Nations+(UN)

History of The United Nations
[]


 * Began with Franklin Roosevelt and came about in 1942 when 26 nations pleged to fight together against the Axis of Power (Germany, Italy and Japan) in World War II.
 * On October 24th 1945 the United Nations Charter went into effect, making 189 nations responsible for international organization as well as peace keep.

__//**Organized**//__
The **General Assembly** has the brief to discuss and decide on issues of international peace and security. All members of the United Nations are represented in the General Assembly. It can make recommendations to promote international peace; international economic and social co-operation and it can promote human rights. The General Assembly is expected to meet on a regular basis and when a vote is taken it needs a two-thirds majority for it to be passed.

The **Security Council** consists of eleven members. Five of these are permanent (USA, USSR, GB, China, France). The General Assembly appoints another six members who are non-permanent members. The Security Council is given the primary task by the United Nations of maintaining peace and security at an international level. Each member of the Security Council is given one vote and a vote of seven members is needed for action to be taken. All five permanent members have to agree with the course of action. The Security Council can recommend the use of a blockade or other financial impositions for any nation that is deemed as breaking international law. If these do not work, then the Security Council can call on the United Nations to use military force to enforce its will. This is the major difference to the League of Nations – the United Nations has the ability to enforce its decisions as each member state has to pledge to provide a military component dependent on its national wealth and capability.

The main task of the **Economic and Social Council** is to promote and improve the economic and social well-being of those living in the member states. This council deals with human rights and seeks to develop a greater understanding of cultures throughout the world. An improvement in world health is also in its remit. Article 57 gives a clear indication of the areas this council covers: health, education, economic, social and cultural issues and the promotion of the position of women in the world. Each member of the Council has one vote.

The **International Court of Justice** (ICJ) is the main judicial body of the United Nations. All members of the United Nations are party to the International Court. The ICJ consists of 15 members and only two members come from the same country at any one time. All members of the United Nations have to agree to abide by the decisions of the ICJ.

The **Secretariat** comprises of a Secretary-General and it is the body that runs the United Nations. The Secretary-General is appointed by the General Assembly which receives recommendations from the Security Council. The Secretary-General is the United Nations’ chief administrative officer.

The **United Nations Trusteeship Council**, one of the principal organs of the United Nations, was established to help ensure that non-self-governing territories were administered in the best interests of the inhabitants and of international peace and security. The trust territories - most of them former mandates of the League of Nations or territories taken from enemy states at the end of World War II - have all now attained self-government or independence, either as separate nations or by joining neighboring independent countries. The last was Palau, which became a member of the United Nations in December 1994. Its mission fulfilled, the Trusteeship Council suspended its operation on November 1, 1994.

Objectives Main Objectives = 1) To maintain international peace and security = = 2) To develope friendly relations among nations on the basis of equality. = = 3) To achieve international cooperation in solving economic, social, cultural and humanitarian problems. = = 4) To promote human rights and fundamental freedom for the people of the world. = = 5) To protect human rights. = = The primary purposes of the United Nations are to keep the peace, encourage respect for human rights, create conditions under which justice and respect for international laws and treaties can be achieved, and promote social progress and better standards of living throughout the world =

Western Europe
country ||~ People living with HIV/AIDS 2009 ||~ Adult prevalence % 2009 ||~ Women living with HIV/AIDS 2009 ||~ AIDS-related deaths 2009 ||
 * ~ Western European
 * Austria || 15,000 || 0.3 || 4,600 || <100 ||
 * Belgium || 14,000 || 0.2 || 4,400 || <100 ||
 * Denmark || 5,300 || 0.2 || 1,400 || <100 ||
 * Finland || 2,600 || 0.1 || <1,000 || <100 ||
 * France || 150,000 || 0.4 || 48,000 || 1,700 ||
 * Germany || 67,000 || 0.1 || 12,000 || <1,000 ||
 * Greece || 8,800 || 0.1 || 2,700 || <500 ||
 * Iceland || <1,000 || 0.3 || <200 || <100 ||
 * Ireland || 6,900 || 0.2 || 2,000 || <100 ||
 * Israel || 7,500 || 0.2 || 2,200 || <100 ||
 * Italy || 140,000 || 0.3 || 48,000 || <1,000 ||
 * Luxembourg || <1,000 || 0.3 || <500 || <100 ||
 * Malta || <500 || 0.1 || <100 || <100 ||
 * Netherlands || 22,000 || 0.2 || 6,900 || <100 ||
 * Norway || 4,000 || 0.1 || <1,200 || <100 ||
 * Portugal || 42,000 || 0.6 || 13,000 || <500 ||
 * Spain || 130,000 || 0.4 || 32,000 || 1,600 ||
 * Sweden || 8,100 || 0.1 || 2,500 || <100 ||
 * Switzerland || 18,000 || 0.4 || 5,700 || <100 ||
 * United Kingdom || 85,000 || 0.2 || 26,000 || <1,000 ||

HIV statistics
A cumulative total of 349,077 HIV infections had been diagnosed in Western Europe by the end of 2009. This considerably understates the true figure because not all HIV infections have been diagnosed or reported. This is partly because many people do not know that they are infected. In addition, the three countries with the most extensive epidemics either do not report from all regions (Italy and Spain) or started reporting only in 2003 (France and Spain). National HIV reporting started at different dates in different countries, without systematic retrospective reporting of infections diagnosed in previous years. Of the reported 24,703 people diagnosed with HIV in Western Europe in 2009: The number of reported HIV diagnoses has increased from 12,748 in 2000 to 24,703 in 2009. This is an increase from 5.5 cases per 100,000 population to 6.7. Countries with the highest rates in 2009 were the United Kingdom (10.7), Belgium (10.3) and Portugal (9.9).
 * 40% probably acquired HIV through heterosexual contact;
 * 37% became infected through male-to-male sexual contact;
 * 4% became infected through injecting drug use;
 * 28% were female;
 * and 10% were 15 to 24 years old.

**[|Population:]** 40,525,002 (July 2009 est.) **[|Age structure:]** //0-14 years:// 14.5% (male 3,021,822/female 2,842,597) //15-64 years:// 67.4% (male 13,705,107/female 13,601, 399  //65 years and over:// 18.1% (male 3,071,394/female 4,282,683) (2009 est.)  **[|Median age:]**  //total:// 41.1 years  //male:// 39.7 years  //female:// 42.5 years (2009 est.)  **[|Population growth rate:]**  0.072% (2009 est.)  **[|Birth rate:]**  9.72 births/1,000 population (2009 est.)  **[|Death rate:]**  9.99 deaths/1,000 population (July 2009 est.)  **[|Net migration rate:]**  0.99 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2009 est.)  **[|Urbanization:]** //urban population:// 77% of total population (2008) //rate of urbanization:// 0.9% annual rate of change (2005-10 est.) **[|Sex ratio:]** //at birth:// 1.07 male(s)/female //under 15 years:// 1.06 male(s)/female //15-64 years:// 1.01 male(s)/female //65 years and over:// 0.72 male(s)/female //total population:// 0.96 male(s)/female (2009 est.) **[|Infant mortality rate:]** //total:// 4.21 deaths/1,000 live births //male:// 4.59 deaths/1,000 live births //female:// 3.8 deaths/1,000 live births (2009 est.) **[|Life expectancy at birth:]** //total population:// 80.05 years //male:// 76.74 years //female:// 83.57 years (2009 est.) **[|Total fertility rate:]** 1.31 children born/woman (2009 est.) **[|HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:]** 0.5% (2007 est.) **[|HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:]** 140,000 (2007 est.) **[|HIV/AIDS - deaths:]** 2,300 (2007 est.) **[|Nationality:]** //noun:// Spaniard(s) //adjective:// Spanish **[|Ethnic groups:]** composite of Mediterranean and Nordic types **[|Religions]:** Roman Catholic 94%, other 6% **[|Languages:]** Castilian Spanish (official) 74%, Catalan 17%, Galician 7%, Basque 2%, are official regionally **[|Literacy:]** //definition:// age 15 and over can read and write //total population:// 97.9% //male:// 98.7% //female:// 97.2% (2003 est.) **[|School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education):]** //total:// 16 years //male:// 16 years //female:// 17 years (2006) **[|Education expenditures:]** 4.2% of GDP (2005)

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