Africa

Main Idea: Following the World War I Africa faced rebellion that led to both nationalist movements and political movements.
 * Beginning of Liberation Struggle In Africa**
 * Africa was colonized long before World War I. In that span of time small groups of Western-educated Africans backed up British and French overlords which created decrease of crops and rebellion
 * Major strikes and riots broke out repeatedly after the war. the african elite like Marcus Garvey and W.E.B. Du Bois began to organize in nationalist movements and build pan-African organizations.
 * the French and the British handled politically, the small educated AFrican groups differently. the French represented them in the parliament as well as nurtured the negritude literary movement that fought the stereotyping. the British gave more opportunities to build political assocations.

Main Idea:The Liberation of Nonsettler Africa came at a time where starvation and forced labor were running ramped. when the liberation did occur african leaders ruled nationlaist movements. . Main Idea: Peaceful withdrawal by stages does did not work in most settler colonies.
 * The Liberation of Nonsettler Africa**
 * World War II was harsher on Africa than the first one in terms of
 * famine
 * confiscations of crops
 * forced labor
 * Kwane Nkrumah launched the process of decolonization in Africa. with the establishment of his own organization the Convention Peoples Party he signaled the arrival of a new style of politics by organizing mass rallies
 * ongoing negotiations with highly westernized leaders led to reforms and political concessions. this ensured that moderate African leaders would dominate the nationalist movements.
 * The Struggle for the Settler Colonies.**
 * Because the settlers regarded the colonies to which they emigrated as their permanent homes, they fought all attempts to turn politcal control over to the African majority.
 * unable to make headway therough nonviolent protest tactics, many African leaders turned violent
 * frist, 1950s Kenya (Land Freedom Army)
 * British responded with all military efforts and eliminated the nonviolent alternative to the guerrillas. \
 * Kenya won their independence in 1956 but the Algeria fight was prolonged and more vicious
 * by the 1950s the National Liberation Front had mobilized large segments of the Arabs for full scale revolt against the French rule.
 * neogiated independence in 1958 with de Gaulle
 * violent settler backlash by the Secret Army Organization

Main Idea: By the 1970s South Africa was by far the largest, most populous, richest and most strategic area where most of the population had yet to be colonial dominated.
 * South Africa: The Apartheid State and Its Demise**
 * since the 1940s the white settlers had solidified their internal control of the country under the leadership of the Nationalist party.
 * the Frikaners moved to institutionalize white supremacy and white minority rule by pass thousands of laws.
 * Apartheid was designed to ensure a monopoly of political power and economic domiance.

multiparty democracy || abundant natural expoers. there is still coutipon and favoritusm low literacy rate || 1945 Junno Kenyalta joined and assisted in creating the fifth Pan African Congress whose purpose was to affirm African nationalism and unity 1947 - Kenyalta moved back into Kenya and became the President of the Kenya Africa || Jomo Kenyatta - president of Kenya. considered founding father of Kenya || has low economic success is a regional trading place but more corruption. the country is led by Mwai Kibaki under a statuory law. have a lot of people living with aids. alot of drugs. ||
 * Nation || Date || Colonial Power || Nature of Movement || Key Leader(s) || Success? ||
 * Algeria || 1962 || Under the French Rule during the 1830. the people became full French Citizens || in 1954 National LIberation Front launched the Algerian war || Mohammed Ahmed Ben Bella became the president of Algeria after the War . he ruling became increasingly autocratic and became more involved in foreign affairs || has a strong agricultural economy
 * Angola || 1975 || under portugal rule ||  || president for over 30 years. Joses Eduardo Dos Santos. he is president for life. || not successful. looking for aid in China for help in their civil war. economy is majorly agricultural. angola possess a republic government but their law system was based on portuguese law system. ||
 * Belgian Congo ||  ||   ||   ||   ||   ||
 * Ghana ||  ||   ||   ||   ||   ||
 * Guinea || oct 1958 ||  || 1891 france declares Guinea as a colony separate from Senegal || Ahmed Sekou Toure Lansana Conte. || primarily autocratic rulers
 * Kenya || december 12 1963 || under the British Rule in the 1900s. they were a settler colony which made it harder for them to gain their indepence. || 1922 the frist pan Kenyan movement was led by Harry Theleu.
 * Madagascar || 1960 || Under French rule ||  ||   ||   ||
 * South Africa ||