Nationalism,+Imperialism,+and+Industrialization

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**Nationalism**

 * 1. Treaty of Westphalia**
 * who - The Holy Roman Emperors, Ferdinand III, Spain, France, Sweden, the Dutch Republic, German Protestants
 * what- was a treaty that ended the **30 year war** in the Holy Roman Empires & the 80 year war that was between the Spanish and the Dutch Republic. it settled the rebellion between the Protestant Netherlands against Spain also
 * when - drafted and signed between the 15th of May and the 24th of October of 1648
 * where - Westphalia, Germany
 * why ? - the treaty of Westphalia came about from the Thirty Year War. That war broke out because of the religious conflicts between the German Protestants and their allies of the Lutheran Sweden as well as the the Holy Roman Emperor backed by Spain.


 * 2. Nationalism -** pride or active loyalty in the nation that one individual calls home.
 * **unification of Italy -** was headed by Camillo di Cavour. he supported industrial development which extended the powers of the parliaments to please liberal forces. this in turn helped him form an alliance with France which enabled him to attack Austrian control of northern Italian provinces in 1858. as a result nationalistic rebellions came to confront that Austrian control and ended up with the unification of Italy under the Piedmontese King.
 * **Unification of Germany -** was headed by Otto Von Bismarck. in Prussia Bismarck staged a series of wars which expanded Prussia's power in Germany. in 1866 Prussia became the supreme German power. the government of the unified Germany was based on nationalism. there was a national parliament where the lower house based on universal male suffrage and an upper house that favored conservative state governments. this style of government won support for the new regime from most liberals and many conservatives.
 * **Zionism -** a movement that originated in eastern Europe during the 1860s and the 1870s that argued that the Jews must return to a Middle Eastern holy land; eventually identified with the settlement of Palestine. displays nationalism through actively loyalty and willingness to fight for their homeland.
 * **Brazilian Independence -** began after the Portuguese royal family fled Portugal to go to Brazil. this left Brazil equal with Portugal and new opportunities to world commerce. before 1820 the Portuguese king, Dom **Joao VI** the capital of Rio de Janerio was a beautiful city. it had public library, botanical gardens, and schools. the arrival of the Portuguese bureaucrats got in the way of this nationalism so it led to rebellion and the Brazilian Independence.
 * **Monroe Doctrine -** was a doctrine established in the United States on December 2, 1823. President James Monroe. it stated clearly that any attempt by a European power to colonize in the Americas would be considered an unfriendly act by the United States. this displayed nationalism because it shows the United States defending their homeland
 * **Argentine Republic -** by 1831 Juan Manuel de Rosas took control of Argentine. he supported a weak central government and a local autonomy. this did not ensue very well with the people. in 1852 the coalition defeated Rosas. a new constitution was introduced in 1853 under Juan Bautista Alberdi the constitution was able to compromise and unite under a new unified nation called the Argentine Republic.
 * **Balkan Nationalism -** the Balkan nations won their independence from the Ottoman empire during the 19th century. as the Turkish power declined, local nationalism arose. it was movement to create independent nations within the Balkan possessions of the Ottoman Empire; provoked a series of crises within the European alliance system; eventually led to World War I


 * 3. impact of nationalism**
 * Nationalism was a global phanemoenen that took over the world in the late eighteenth century. it can be interpreted in many different ways from active loyalty that was first seen in the Monroe Doctrine in 1823. the policy told all foreign powers to keep away from the borders of the United States or face the consequences. this showed America had satuch active loyalty for the nation and didn't want anybody to intervene. the movement then moved to the Argentine Republic where active loyalty was seen in a different perspective. the coalition defeated a weak government to flourish once again before they got the dictator of Juan Maunel de Rosas. nationalism also came into the form of unification. the first was the Unification of the Italy came where the peninsula united to overthrow a tyrannical government. the second unification, which was the unification of Germany saw nationalism threw government. the parliament was divided into two parts, the lower house was based on universal male suffrage and the upper house favored a conservative national government. there was also religious nationalism, where the Jewish Zionist fought for their right to stay in their homeland of Palestine.**

**Industrialization**
Now referring to your textbook create a chart or mindmap of the effects of Industrialization. You must include the following
 * 4. Questions**
 * **4a. Which of the data sets above do you think is the most significant and why?**
 * the most important set of data would have to be the second one, the chart on the iron production. the industrial age was all about manufacturing and iron which means that industrialization played a part in the core nations production of iron increasing significantly.
 * **4b. Taken together what does this set of data tell us?**
 * this set of data tell us that, that due to Industrialization the production of iron increased which then had the result of more world trade. with more world trade and safer ways of manufacturing since before it was deplorably unsafe, increased life expectancy by 10 years. it can also be the causes or what led up to the industrial age.
 * 5. Questions**
 * **5a. what is the industrial revolution?**
 * the industrial revolution was a revolution based on production, transportation and communication. it began in the 18th century in Britain and it rose to popular demand and main stream with its increase demand of cotton textiles and iron.
 * **5b. what was its origin?**
 * it started in Britain in the late 18th century. from there it slowly interacted with foreign countries for industrial raw materials, markets for manufactured goods, and places to invest. this led to the Industrial Revolution which was seen throughout western Europe and the United States.
 * **5c. what were the major effects**
 * moved production of the home and into the workforce
 * it changed the family life
 * contributed the rise of cities
 * formation of the working class.
 * expanded economies
 * women gained opportunities
 * government took on more responsibility
 * regulated industrial workers
 * organized police force
 * urban planning.
 * === Gender Roles/Issues === || * groups of women schooling teachers agitated for the vote and other rights for women.
 * girls were taught the importance of home and woman's moral mission in domestic science programs.
 * **feminist movement**- sought various legal and economic gains for women, such as equal access to profressions and higher education as well as the right to vote. ||
 * === Family Structures === || * Birth rate & Dirth rate decreased considerably.
 * Children became a source of joy instead of seen as a burden or worker
 * by 1900 2/3 of the Western population enjoyed conditions above the average level. people could afford
 * newspapers
 * family outings
 * diet & health improved
 * from 1880 to 1920 their was a revolution in child healthcare
 * child death rates less than 10 %
 * the discovery of germ by Louis Pasteur led to sanitary regulations and procedures by doctors and other health care specialist. ||
 * === Social Structures === ||  ||
 * === Extensions of Voting Rights (Charist Movement) === || * reasons for Extensions of Voting Rights
 * lower-class groups turned to political protest.
 * **Charist Movement** - hope for a democratic government that would regulate new technologies and promote popular education. ||
 * === Mass Liesure Culture === || * Reasons for mass leasure culture
 * better wages and the reduction of work hours gave ordinary people new opportunites.
 * the economy and its growing change
 * the bicycle
 * **mass leasure culture** -
 * demostrated secularism
 * religion declined
 * sport teams- reflected industrial life
 * crime, imperialist exploits, sports, and comics became items of the day. ||
 * === Romanticsm === || * **Romanticism** - central artistic vision that expressed emotion and impression nor reason and generalizations were keys to mysteries of human experience and natives.
 * Artist were illustrated as intense passions & madness
 * Romantic novels wanted tears
 * painters sought empathy
 * by 1900 painters and sculptors were becoming increasingly abstrack and musical composers defied conventions. 0 ||
 * === Socialism === || * **Radicals** - accepted the importance of most liberal demands by wanted more voting rights
 * urged social reforms in the interest of the lower class
 * **Social reforms** were seen in
 * attack on private property in the name of equality and an end of capitalist exploitation of workers.
 * urban artisans pressed for certain government-supported jobs for the unemployed. ||

**Imperialism**
//Extent of Colonial Control//
 * 7. Examine the map below and the data that follows - what do they show us?**
 * ~  ||~ Great Britain ||~ France ||~ Belgium ||~ Netherlands ||~ Germany (1914) ||
 * ~ Area in Square Miles || **94,000** || **212,600** || **11,800** || **13,200** || **210,000** ||
 * ~ Population || **45,500,100** || **42,000,000** || **8,300,000** || **8.500,000** || **67,500,000** ||
 * ~ Area of Colonies || **13,100,000** || **4,300,000** || **940,000** || **790,000** || **1,100,000** ||
 * ~ Population of Colonies || **470,000,000** || **65,000,000** || **13,000,000** || **66,000,000** || **13,000,000** ||


 * SOURCE: Mary Evelyn Townsend, //European Colonial Expansion Since 1871// (Chicago: J.P. Lippincott Company, 1941), p. 19 **


 * //Percentage of Territories Belonging to the European/US Colonial Powers//**
 * (1900)**
 * ||~ Percentage Controlled ||~  ||
 * ~ Africa || **90.4%** ||
 * ~ Polynesia || **98.9%** ||
 * ~ Asia || **56.5%** ||
 * ~ Australia || **100.0%** ||
 * ~ Americas || **27.2%** ||

10. Before note-taking, look for the following key terms (not in the glossary!) and define them in your own words.
 * SOURCE: A. Supan, //Die territoriale Entwicklung der Euroaischen Kolonien// (Gotha, 1906), p. 254**
 * 7. this map of the British Empire in the 1920s. it shows that the British Empire was essentially all over the world. the British had holdings from Canada, to the Caribbeans, to Australia, to the continent of the Africa and Europe. It had the biggest empire compared to the respective core nations of the France, Beliguim, Germany and the Netherlands. it also controlled a great portion mainly around 50% of the all the colonies controlled. every in habituated continent in the world the British had some portion in. all the colonies are coastal these be used for coaling stations. this map also shows that the British by passed areas where dominant powers were already settled and established. the data of the first chart shows that the the actual land where the empire established was nothing compared to the areas of the colonies. all the areas that were colonized were actually in fact not all what they started. 90 percent of Africa was by controlled by European power which means that 10 percent of Africa was in control.**
 * 8. Imperialism- the spread of the nation's influence or sovereignty beyond its nations borders. usually imperialism is in the form of unequal economy or cultural relations.**
 * 9. the motivations of imperialism lie in the fact of social Darwinism, economic, the spreading of religion, and more political power.**


 * **The British East India Company-**
 * **Sepoys - were Indian soldiers that were recruited by the British to settle disputes between the locals and the foreigners.**
 * **British Raj - was the British government put in place in India**
 * **Partition of Africa/ Berlin Conference**
 * **Settlement Colonies - were colonies settled by a major world power/empire who sole purpose for being their was to settle or "civilize"**
 * **White Dominions - where Europe ancrestory dominated a particular colony**
 * **Cecil Rhodes - a british entrepreneur that founded the british diamond company & the state of Rhodesia.**
 * **James Cook - founded Hawaii**


 * 11. Now go through your book and complete the graphic organizer below**
 * **Country** || **How Britain gained control - steps to conquest** || **Actions taken by Britain when in control/ power** || **Effects/ Reactions** ||
 * **India** || * meddled into disputes and conflicts between the local princes
 * employed the use of **sepoys.**
 * established the use of **British Raj**
 * the Battle of Plassey where the British gave them major land power.
 * the battle of Siraj ud-daula led to Robert Clive and the control of Bengal. || * still effectively employed the use of Sepoy to settle disputes
 * advanced into the Indian coast
 * madras
 * Bombay
 * Calcutta
 * left most allied Indian princes in power
 * recruited Indian forces that became the police of the entire Brisih Indian empire.
 * enforced the rigid divisions of the Hindu caste system
 * refused to allow Christian missionaries to preach in their territories
 * British parliament passed several laws
 * restructured the company hierarchy and made it much more accountable to the British government.
 * British outlawed sati. || * by the end of the 18th century mixed marriages became prominent.
 * social difference between the colonizers and the colonized.
 * remade India into a Westernized world
 * transmitted ideas, inventions, modes of organization, and technology that was the Industrial Age.
 * also english education, social reforms, railways, and telegraph lines. ||
 * **South Africa** || * captured the Dutch colony of Cape Town.
 * annexed it during 1815 || * eradicated slavery.
 * established the outpost of **Natal**.
 * began to dig into the diamond industry || * tensions between the Britsh and the Boers remained high
 * **Boer Wwar**
 * between the British and independent Boers ||
 * **New Zealand** || * came by farmers and herders in search of land.
 * backed by colony/military government || * turned over the internal administration to the local Mairo || * Maori were able to sway British officals to their way of thinking and therefore were able to legally contest and daily exchanges and preserve their culture. ||


 * 12. Write a 1/2 - 1 page summary where you explain the connections between Nationalism, Industrialization and Imperialism**


 * Nationalism, Industrialization, and Imperialism are all ideas and movements that coenside with each other and build on one another. the first is typically industrialization. after a nation has transformed their economy or their way of working or thinking it generally leads to good responses from the people. an example of this could be seen in Britain. they began the Industrial Revolution so that alone gave Great Britain it pride or nationalism in where they live. with the economy picked up nationalism comes more into play. because things are going so good there is that sense to keep things the way they are which is nationalism. Don't mess with a good things mess with others. this means that if everything is going great in a particular empire such as Britian this feeling would extend outside of nation's borders to others. this is the idea of imperialism.**