Western+Europe


 * 1) == Western Europe ==

4.1 Interactive Map Main Points 4.1 Interactive Map Analysis **Impact of Christianity** (490-600) Christianity in Europe was broken down by region. in the western europe there was Roman Catholic and in eastern europe there was Orthodox. This contributed to Christianity as a whole because clergy man, who were at the time the most powerful men since the rulers were usually tribal and uneducated, from both sides chose to ignore many other attributes that make a civilization run such as: politics, trade, literature, social class which would become the start of the Dark Ages. As the church became the most powerful many sought to align themselves with the church i.e. Franks, Visigoths, and Lombards with the Roman Catholic church. As they appeared to endorse the church they gained absolute authority over their subjects.

Charles Martel reigned from 718 to 741and was founder of the Carolingian Dynasty. He made the Frankish Empire one of the most powerful empires in Medival Europe. He was also the grandfather of one of medival europe's rulers, Charlemagne. He expanded the empire through the Germanic tribes and conquering the muslims in Hispania and Francia. The Vikings were from Scandinava and use to attack unprotected coastlines around Britian and northern mainlands with the help of warm weather. They attacked vulnerable areas such as monsaries and they also captured people like slaves.
 * 2. Reign of Charles Martel & Viking Raids** (600 - 755)

Frankish Empire in 843 really divided into 3 subparts resulting in a "multitude of petty kingdoms." This led to the discouragement and dis-urbanization throughout many continents which then lead to Feudalism were the law and economy was land based. There were always lords, knights and peasants and things were constanly being bartered and it wasn't always necessarily money.
 * The Rise of the Franks** (755-850)
 * started with Charlesmagne
 * created a nice environment for Jews
 * conquered over Germanic tribes, Slav lands, modern Slovenia and Croatia.
 * dissolved avar kingdom
 * liberated Rome from Lombard Rule & Northern Italy established Papal states in Italy.
 * Pushes Muslims deeper into Hispania giving them more land
 * Military Excellence
 * Geo-politics
 * Politics
 * Centralization
 * Leadership
 * Feudalism** (840 - 967)

The power of religion can go beyond physical borders of continents and empires. This could be applied to the Christianized empires like the Byzantines and the Holy Roman empire and how they expanded. By this time most of Europe was Christianized the crusaders could revive many interests in Asia with the promises of: treasure, glory and salvation. With the expansion of Holy Roman Empire came more asian trade which introduced Islamic ideas into Europe. Otto 1 conquered many lands, and appointed many clergy, through government influence, though he declared papal independance.
 * Christianity and the High Middle Ages & Expansion of Holy Roman Empire** (967 - 1060)

Normans from Normandy conquered what is now England, and become the ruling class there. After Nobles in England reached a point of no return with their king the Magna Carta is was created and signed and the first steps to democracy and politics since the Fall of Rome. The pope approved a Northern Crusade to deal with pagans. German duchies such as Saxony felt the need to invade border areas and force their conversion to Christianity.The Balts territory were reduced by these crusades, but they weren't totally eliminated.
 * Effects of the Crusades, Norman conquest of England and Magna Carta** (1060-1240)

The Golden Horde known as Mongols were able to conquer large amounts of Europe because:
 * Why the Golden Horde was able to dominate Europe and the Black Death Plague** (1240 - 1350)
 * Strong military technology overall had excellent archers and mounted soldiers.
 * Strengthening numbers while in conquest- Mongols absorbed the population of conquered areas into their army, with the basic principle "Join, or die"
 * Diplomacy Mongols controlled lands in European trade increasing their wealth, sophistication, and scientific abilities.
 * The black death had greatly weakened Europe led to internal discord like: the persecution of Jews, peasant revolts, weakening of papal power, etc...

4.2 Mindomo on Manoralism and Feudalism



Feudalism media type="custom" key="7508099" align="center"

Manoralism media type="custom" key="7508107" align="center"

Video Notes on Dark Ages 4.3
 * when the roman empire fell on august 24th 410 A.D europe was plagued by faminine
 * Cruelty of Roman Officials led to the Gothic Rebellion
 * Clovis united his people with the religion of Christianity. it had the appeal of internal peace outside of the violence and hunger of the Dark Ages
 * The ordeal is something that they thought that God made a punishment and it came down to earth.
 * by having one emperor in western and eastern europe it made it easier to respond to crisis. though in the long run the western europe could have used the eastern resources because they didnt have it they fell.
 * Justinian was the emperor of the eastern europe known as the Byzatine Empire flourished
 * Due to Justinian greed the population approval of him plummeted and finally rebelled finally during a chriot match.
 * the italian campaign was one the ugliest acquisition wars in the history of europe.
 * Justinian defies the past of Roman architecture by constructing the biggest chaedrals named the Higa Sophia.
 * 25 to 30 percent of the city of Constantinople was wiped off by the plague and crept to other major cities such as Great Britian.
 * After Justinian Western Europe went into a deeper dark age
 * roughest where the places were isloated.
 * there was hope though in the monastaries.
 * christian monks like Bead were the only who could perserve the early roman empire and pre christianity.

4.4 Magna Carta Mark Up media type="custom" key="7529627" Rebecca & Pillar Summary: The Magna Carta waas a document that King John was forced into signing. It was the bill of rights of the medival times and regulates the lord's, barons, serfs and it limited the power of the king as well as setting the limits for government while giving more power to the church and the people.

4.5 ESPIRIT ON WESTERN EUROPE



4.6 Notes on The Decline of The Medieval Synthesis

Sign of Strain The Postclassical West and Its Heritage
 * at the time of the 14th century the land-owning aristocracy started to lead a life that was unusual.
 * they emphasized now a ceremonial style of living where they had tournaments and a new code of behavior: chivarly
 * the balance of church and state tipped during this time where state seemed to be gaining more power as the church was getting weakers in some areas
 * the intelluctual and artistic side of society soon faded along with medivalism
 * after Aquinas church officials became increasingly less tolerant of intelluctual thinking
 * art focused less on religious figures but focused instead on relistic portrayals of nature
 * The Middle Ages were a period of growing dynamism
 * there were gains in:
 * population
 * trade
 * cities
 * intellectual activity
 * what was left of the Western society legacy was Gothic Art and universities. Also how government builded from upon Christian and feudal traditions
 * divided political rule in Europe resembled such condition in West Africa and also Japan

Summary After the fall of Rome in the 15th century all of Europe went through the Middle Ages, Western Europe started the develop once more wih the increasing influence of Christianity. Christian misionaries traveled to most western Europeqans to try to convt them. Clovis leader of the Franks helped enable this and helped Christianity spread like wild fire while also imporving and promoting education. Western urope went through alotof shifts politically. There was hanges in power from Charles Martel, Charlemagne, and the Holy Roman Emperors that accumlated power, culitivated land, and spread Christianity. After this though it faded into one moment called Feudalism. Feudalism in contrast to Manoralism way essentially a political system started b Willliam the Conquerer. Soon though with the implmention of the Magna Carta in 1215 this somewhat faded. Manoralism in contrast was a sstem mostly based on economy and the social classes of serfs and landowner. Western Europe also developed religious art and literature. Gothic Art emerged that illustrated church spirals and tall arched windows. Religious literature reflected mythical figures and tensions between Christian values and tensions. Soon though Western Eure declined due to constent violence, over population, and diseases like Black Death.