Early+Modern+Unit

Asian Transitions in an Age of Global Change

 * Region || Major Events || Major Developments || Major Continuities ||
 * Western Europe

· Mid 17th century Holland established a settlement on the southern tip of Africa___> provided relay station for ships
 * Main Idea: during the period s of 1450 - 1750 new ideas of thinking emerged and church reformation began which reconstructed the major powers of the European societies. however Christianity still remained a driving force throughout societies ** || · In 1588 Britian won a historic sea battle with Spain leading to competition for sea dominance b/w Britian, France and the Dutch
 * From 1450-1750 **

Scientific Revolution - Northern Renaissance - Enlightenment - Reformation - the CounterReformation - edict of Nantes in 1598 - Thirty Years War 1618-1648 <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">- English Civil War <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">- Glorious Revolution <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">- Commerical Revolution <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">- Battle of Lepano <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">- || · <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">During the 16th century Portugual emerged with coastal holdings in parts of Africa, an Indian port in Goa, a port in Macao and claim on Brazil also Florida · <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Establishment of trading companies in **Dutch East India Company** **and British East india Company** à <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;"> acted like independent gov’ts. <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">From 1450-1750 - the idea of the European Style Family - the Proleitat Class - Absolute and Parlimentary Monarch - Humanism and or Secularism - The round world theory developed by Gaileo - Protestianism - Printing press - flying shuttle || - Europe received cultural changes in the area of the the Renaissance as well as the Scientific Revolution. - the traditional belief of culutal superiority remained the same as people like Vasco da Gama who intimiadated indians - nation states - ||
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">Central/South Americas

· <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">In 1519 **Ferdinand Megellan** set sail reaching the Indoniesian islands in 1521.--> Spain was able to claim the Phillipines until 1898 <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">- Columbian Exchange <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">Treaty of Torsdeillas - || - Gold and Silving mining - Triangular Trade - Encomienda system - Pombal reforms in Brazil - Slave societies - Hacienda System - caste system - || - the travel of EuroAsia diseases such as small pox and others to uknown territories like Brazil. Caused major populations decreases - Atlantic slave trade continued - Christianity served as motives for Europeans expansions ||
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">Main Idea: As European came over to colonize the New World they brought new dieasease which led to a population decrease and materials which brought the columbian exchang. ** || - · <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">1492 **Christopher Columbus** “discovered” the Americas
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">North America

- European Arrival - the French - in 1534 english colonies in New England served as refuges for fleeing Calvinists - 1607 Virginia first permanet British settlement - || - Britian growing crowded, motivated many to seek land in New World - new setting, people tried to bring Western values/ ideas - married younger - sometimes mixing of Indians and Europeans which resulted in mulattos - muclear family unit - more emphasis on children - Europeans brought diseases that decimated native populatoin - introduction of horses and weapons, such as guns - Columbian exchnage || - Columbian exchange - brought goods and diseases ||
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">Main Idea: Religious intolerance in Europe led to relgious groups fleeing to the new world hoping to establish their own settlements which added to the columbian exchange in North America. ** || - The Mayflower Compact
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">Russia

- 1785 Chater of Nobility - Pugachev Rebellion - Times of Trouble the transitions and sccessions of the Romanvs || - Cossacks - Westernization of the Russia - under Peter and Catherine there was serefom as well as the popwer of boyars/ nobles waned. - miltary expansion - passing of the whip ablished educationsal || - Serfdom - first use of forced labor system - Population increase- in the 18th century Russia's population was at almost 36 million - Most of Economic and Social aspects of Russia was based on the rural people and its countryside || - Ottoman - Safavids - Mughal Empire - Chaldiran - Battle of Lepanto || - warrior aristocracy ex Janniassaries - Restoration of Persia as a mjaor center of learning under the Safavids || - religious tolerance - warrior nobility - enslaved armies ex Janissaries - schools, mosques and other public works projects built and fianced by gov't. - Sunni/Sh'ia divison || - de Gama's return - French/Birtish presence in India - POst- Gupta India the most successful effort to restore regional imperial unity in INdia was made by Harsha. however his empire collasped at his death, and no later state assumed a dominant position until the end of the 10th century || - British exerted influence over India - ineffective atempts to obtain dgoods and spices by Portuguese || - Islam spread through India 200 years beginning in 1200s - ManY indians contined to follow Hinduism even after Islam. ||
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">Main Idea: Russia began with a lack of governemtn but soon devloped a ruling royal family, the Romonavs who led Russia into a new age of westernization and expansion. However arguculture remained the economic force of the nation and serfdom was still present ** || - Legislative Reform of 1767.
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">Middle East
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">Main Idea: after the establishment of the three muslime empires led to many as the similarities between the three. they all allowed religious tolerance as well as a warrior nobility. however they differed religiously as the Safavids were Sh'ia. THis split led to some relgious conflects but not many Muslims rejected all Christian idea till it got to the point that the Christians became more advanced. ** || -the Founding of:
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">India
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">Main Idea: after the arrival of the Portuguese, Europeans became part of the Asian sea trade. THey tried to conduct monopolies on goods. ** || - de Gama first arrival in 1498
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">China

- Arrival of Europeans - 1498-1499 de Gama trade route around Africa and Asia || · <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">The use of silver to replace paper money <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">- //<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Positive reactions – reduced number of tax payments & encouraged economic growth in Asia. // <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">- //<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Negative reactions – Latin America worried about the harsh conditions in //<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;"> //mines and how the silver would create a wider gap b/w rich and poor.// <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.75in; text-indent: -0.25in;">//-//growing importance of feudal style landlord families - population growth - || A return to Chinese traditiona overall, and an attempt at banishment of all "barbarian cultures". Whether it be a return to formal dress, rise of the Scholar-Gentry class, etc.....
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">Main Idea: with the restoration of the enthic China rule and the reunification of the country under the Ming dynasty. Chinese civilization enjoyed a new age of splendor. Renewed agarian and commerical growth supported a population that was the largest of any center of civilization at the time probably exceeding that of all western europe. ** || -1368 Zhu YuanZhang claims the Ming Dynasty

Growth of social schism between the poor and rich, and a return ot more rigid social roles and standards

population boom due to decrease in faamine and stable food source limited contact with outside world social structure ||
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">Japan

- European arrival - Christian conversian || - Growing importance of peasants - social mobility - technoloigcal innovation - 1640s trade limited to only Dutch and Chinese || - Isolation - resentment of the European preventing interactions between regions - hostility towards Christianity || Main || - POrtuguese ships pushed down African coast, reaching Cape of Good Hope, where factories such as El Mina were established - gold mining took place at such forts African slave trade - 1441- frist shipment slaves - missionary efforts to convert rulers of Benin Congo - Dutch colony at Cape of Good Hope est by the Boers 1833 British abolishment of slavery in West Indies || - imbalance in rati of males and females - rise of slavery in Americas - Middle Passages - slave forced into cargo compartment with ratio of dead overwhlemingly greater then survivng - saltwater vs Creole - African born - American mixed - Abolisonists John Wesley, William Wilberforce - 1807 British slave trade abolished - 1888 - full abolishment of slavery || - gender imbalances in Africa and America - most men captured to be slaves - women as comubines ||
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">Main IdeA: whlie orgianlly Japan opens its gates to allow people to come to it after the Portuguese vilated the Japanese, they closed themselves off slowly from the world until they were completely isolated from the world. ** || - 1590 Japan unified HIdeyoshi after the death of Nobunaga
 * Africa