The+Mongals



ESPIRIT ON MONGOLS

o Led Mongol alliance that defeated an army sent by the Qin dynasty. · Chinngis Khan o 1206 elected khagan o Brought organization and unity o Created many warrior classes within warrior classes o Increased execution rate o Died august 1227 · Batu o armies initiated Mongol dominance in Russia · Ogedei o Diplomat o Maainpulator o Increased Mongol energies for further conquest and campaigns || ||
 * E || * Staples foods depended on the season but they were regularly:
 * Meat
 * Milk products
 * Grain
 * Vegetables
 * Trade was with sedentary farmers & merchants .They traded
 * Hides
 * Dairy products
 * In exchange for:
 * Jewelry
 * Weapons
 * Cloth
 * Boots
 * Raided Adriatic Sea region in the south of Poland and the German state of the north
 * S || * **Nature warriors**- there were trained from childhood. They wielded
 * Lances
 * Hatchets
 * Iron maces
 * Short bows
 * They were:
 * Physically tough
 * Moblile
 * Accustomed to death and killing
 * **Tumens-** Mongol forces consisting of 10,000 warriors
 * Then divided into 1000,100 and 10 warriors
 * Then divided into heavy cavalry who were heavily armed
 * **Scouting parties**- were lightly armed and just observed
 * **Messenger force**- carried urgent messages between khagan and commanders ||
 * P || · Kabul Kan- grandfather of Chinggis Khan
 * P || · Kabul Kan- grandfather of Chinggis Khan
 * I || * war clans combined together during war to create stronger forces
 * Mongal armies took over the Kara Khitai Empire
 * By 1227 the Mongol Empire stretched form Persia to North China Sea.
 * Karakorum- a new capital that was established during the rule of Chinggis Khan
 * 1240 Mongol forces defeated larger nomadic groups and Russian princes
 * Battle of Kulikova- Russian vassals during the 1380 defeated the Golden HOrdes ||
 * R || * ** Main Idea: Though Buddahism had influence on the the Mongol empire there was still freedom of religion that impacted the Mongol Empire as well. **
 * Chinnggis Khan spoke with Confucian scholars to learn more about China.
 * Daoist Holy Men help Chinggis Khan try to become immortal
 * All religion was tolerable by Chinggis Kan which benefitted
 * Orthodox church and Moscow
 * Christianity
 * ** Question: Since the Mongol Empire conquered so many places during their rein what would have happened if for instance they spread one singular religion Islam during this time instead promoting freedom of religion? would history have changed? ** ||
 * I || * **Main Idea: There was less significance placed on intelluctual aspects of the Mongol empire due to the fact that there was more focus on miltary values**.
 * Shamanistic – nature spirits
 * a script was created for Mongolian language to facilitate recordkeeping and laws
 * administrative framework kept track of advice & talent of both the Muslim and Chinese bureaucrats
 * scholarships increased and aristic creativity allowed free expression
 * men were able to show their courage in miltary as a traditional form of showing self-esteem
 * **Question: would the Mongol empire have a intellluctual foundation if they didnt move constantly to the next or conquest or campaign? why didnt a intellectual foundation produced during this time if the Mongols were so eager to learn new ideas from the places they conquered? why was it that the Mongols were able to take from other cultures but never were able to develop their own?** ||
 * T || * New weapons
 * Flaming & exploding arrows
 * Gunpowder projectiles
 * Bronze cannon
 * Battering rams
 * Catapults
 * Bamboo rockets

Pirate Pad Dicussion

Notes on the rest of Chapter 14

Main Idea: By the mid 13th century the Mongol Empire reached its peak and added China to its list of Conquest. Throughout the century that they ruled China began to start the process of Sinification but the Mongols were able to keep their culture and social society alive. Main Idea: Mongol women were very stubborn in their beliefs and practices which were very different than the CHinese women or women during this time Main Idea:the Mongols tolerated many when it came down to those who had a finer taste of life, Main Idea: Though there was some effort to adapt to Chinese culture there was some resistance from the Mongols and the scholar gentry clas who saw the Mongols as barbarians. urban expand Main Idea: When Kubilai Khan ended so did the Mongol dynasty
 * The Mongol Interlude in Chinese History**
 * Under the direction of the great khan, Kubilai Khan the Mongols were to lead a successful campaign on the South of China through 1235-1279.
 * by 1271 the assimilate to the Chinese had started beginning with the changing name of Mongols to the Yuan.
 * There were certain places that the Chinese couldn't touch. for instance
 * chinese scholars could not learn Mongol script
 * mongols couldnt marry chinese ethic women
 * the mongols retained their religious customs and ceremonies
 * the mongol miltary remained separate from the Chinese as well
 * The places that the Chinese could touch were
 * chinese rituals and classical music
 * chinese calendar and offered sacrifices
 * the social structure of the Yuan dynasty looked like:
 * Mongols on top
 * the Asian nomads and Muslims allies just beneatch
 * after that the north Chinese
 * the ethnic Chinese
 * minoritiy people of the south
 * Gender Roles and the Convergence of Mongol and Chinese Culture**
 * they refused to adopt the practice of footbinding
 * they kept control of their rights to property and the household
 * was allowed the freedom to hunt and ride and move about the town and countryside
 * Mongol Tolerance and Foreign Cultural Influence**
 * many scholars, artists, artisans, and office-seekers usually came from the Muslim kingdom, Persian, and Turks
 * the Muslims supervised the building and created a efficent tax collection. also ran imperial hositpals and translated medicine
 * the Persians astronomers advaced in Middle Eastern instrumentsand Chinese calendars
 * Kubilai tolerated all religion
 * Social Policies and Scholar-Gentry Resistance**
 * Kubilai refused to bring back the civil service exam which prevented the administrative office being run by Confucian scholars
 * The Mongols and Kubilai had a special regard for the artisan class
 * economics propersed and commerce boomed due to the Mongols improving transportation and expanding the supply the paper money.
 * mongols devloped a navy
 * which helped in the conquest of the Song Empire
 * put down pirates
 * launched overseas expeditions
 * urban expansion, sedentary lifestyles, and cities flourished during the Yuan Era.
 * Enterainment increased over poetry and essay writing.
 * The Romanfe of the West Chamber a popular enterainment drama
 * The Fall of the House of Yuan**
 * Song loyalist raised revolts in the south