The+Rise+of+Russia



Since the Mongols had such a firm hand over the Russians, they longed to break free. because of this Russia's government reflected military values since at the time there were trying to gain independence. with the independence came vast territory where Russia could expand their rule as well as economy due to the lack of trade and manufactoring and other aspects of life. however since the Russians were under Mongol rule for so long they picked up style of dresses and social habit is as well as reducing cultural life. **Mongols delayed the arrival of the Reniassance and the Reformation of the west**
 * Describe the effects of Mongol occupation on Russian civilization**

2. Trace Russian expansion under the Ivans.

expansion first started with the Ivans. they first moved southwards towards the Caspian Sea. here they moved aling the east into the Ural mountains. by the 16th century most of the Caspian Sea was under Russian rule and also western Siberia, the benefits to these expansions was one, the economy revival. Russia was able to trade with Britian as well as use cossacks to further agriclture on the frontier planes.
 * Ivan III the byzatine empire to assert control over the churc which led to more power.**
 * trading routes with asia began to begin.**



Leader Analysis Sheet Peter The Great Prior the Peter’s Rule, The Ivan’s were in power, primarily Ivan the third and Ivan the fourth. They took more of a autocratic approach to their ruling. Since Russia was under Mongol rule for so long the adapted to their styles of life in the areas of dressing and social habits. However there economy as well as culture declined and was in need of revival so the Ivan the fourth was able to establish trading routes with Western Europe but soon he died and the reins were taken up by the Romanov dynasty. First there was Michael and then came Alexis Romanov.
 * Name of Leader: Peter I ||
 * Lifespan 1672-1725 || Title: Peter The Great ||
 * Country/region: Russia || Years in Power 1689-1725 ||
 * Political, Social, & Economic Conditions Prior to Leaders Gaining Power
 * mongol rule made Russia an agriculture based economy**
 * the ivans who ruled russia were decendants of the rurik family**
 * they expanded through cossacks and dimplocacy**
 * internal order was created trhoguh the romanv coming to power**
 * Alexis romanv chose to change the church and the powers in it.**
 * trading routes were frozen so economy declined** ||
 * Ideology, Motivation, Goals:
 * to be able to be a part of the Western Europe circle of diplomacy and culture.
 * Focused on building manufactories such as mining and metallurgical
 * Improving political organization by creating more specialized beaucratic developments.
 * Make Russia culturally respectable in Western Europe’s eyes.
 * Wanted to elevate state power by cutting the elites off from regular traditions
 * Significant Actions & events During Term of Power
 * extending prior policy of recruiting bureaucrats from outside elite ranks. Contrast from China it is about talent rather than connections
 * abolished male power over women in marriages
 * he moved the capital from Moscow to st.petersburg
 * ** increased manufactoring of ships for his trading ports **
 * ** brought artisans back froom the west to Russsia **
 * ** economic devleopment to import but now export group. **
 * ** palaces were built with european style **
 * ** created the Russian navy as a defense mechanism **
 * ** promotion of serfdom **
 * ** develops economy based on government sponsorship, milttarism, and dependent on the west for luxury items **
 * Short-Term effects:
 * Adapted to western forms of economy and culture.
 * Reform movements during this time changed Russia’s economy.
 * Found support from women in endeavors that
 * ** would decline population through exceution **
 * || Long-Term Effects
 * Building up tarist control and expanding Russian territory.
 * Built Russia more around cultural endeavors.
 * New manufacturing involved serf laborers. ||
 * Building up tarist control and expanding Russian territory.
 * Built Russia more around cultural endeavors.
 * New manufacturing involved serf laborers. ||

Comparison both has miltary superoity russia was a land based empire while europe was sea based limited demographic less than the western expansion because they brought diseases to their colonies limited economic dominance state controlled ventures vs europe it was provate ventures... ex conquistadors both these regions led to coservice labor system.. ex slaves and serfs

Change of Continuty policial empire building labor systems social

leaders vlad ! mongols Ivans Times of Trouble Romanvs Peter the Great Catherine the Great




 * Name of Leader: Cathrine II ||
 * Lifespan 1729- 1796 || Title: Cathrine the Great ||
 * Country/region: Russia || Years in Power ||
 * Political, Social, & Economic Conditions Prior to Leaders Gaining Power

Prior to Cathrine’s rule, her husband’s grandfather, Peter the Great ruled Russia. Peter jumped started Russia again after the Mongol rule. He revived economy through new trading routes as well as manufactoring. The move of the capital to St.Petersburg also hed established trade with western europe. Through expansion cossacks began to make Russia an dependent agricultural economy. He changed the look of politics by creating specialized beaurcaracy as well as a miltary hierachy. Serfdom began to emerge and women gave were given more power in their marriages and outside their marriages. || · cemented a song central government · won independence · || Long-Term Effects
 * Ideology, Motivation, Goals:
 * Combined Enlightenment interest with need to consoldiate power
 * Tried to avoid cultural influence from the West
 * highly influenced by Peter the Great, her husband's grandfather
 * she was an autocratic
 * Significant Actions & events During Term of Power
 * Elminiating a peasant revolt during the Pugachev rebellion which led to the extension of power to the central government in regional affairs
 * Brought over French philsophers to patronize intellectual life
 * Gave new power to nobility over the serfs illicitng a alliance with the nobles
 * Put down radical efforts to conform to western intellect
 * instruction of 1767
 * she extgended her power into the power due to the parition of POland, which weakened the state of poland
 * territory continued to expand as well as the power of the military
 * Short-Term effects:
 * territory continued to expand as well as the power of the military
 * Short-Term effects:
 * Short-Term effects:


 * still expanding Russia by diplomacy. Ex the ottoman empire\\
 * increased inference in Polish affairs
 * parition of poland – elminiated poland as an independent state
 * russia’s involvment in european affairs
 * kept the traditon of miltary aggrandizement ||

Themes in Early Modern Russian History

Serfdom Main Idea:with the emergence of serfdom characterisitcs of slavery arose as well as the economy of Russia ﻿. as serfdom developed in russia the ambitions of the nobility changed serfdom to being more like slavery and a peasant class.
 * Before Mongol conquest Russian peasants were mostly farmers but soon due to the economy decline peasants became indebted to landowners
 * serfdom gave the government a way to satisfy the nobility and regulate peasants when the government couldnt directly contol the masses
 * by 1800 half of the russian peasantary was enserfed
 * in the 17th century and the 18th century lawers were passed giving landowners more legal rights and people born serfs remained serfs
 * similarities between slavery and serfdom
 * could be bought, sold, and gambled away
 * serfdom helped support nobility their political contol and distinctice lifestyle

Economic Dependence Main Idea: russia's eceonomy depended mostly on agricultural endeavors. there was lack of manufactoring and advancements due to serfs reluctance of to do more of their share. Social Unrest Main Idea: soon rebellious aristocratics and peasants began to rebell despite the oppressions of the government. Eastern Europe: Main Idea:
 * most of Russia's economy depended on Westerners shipping and merchants in Russian cities
 * economy revival led to support of state and empire
 * trade with fur and other luxurious commodities with Asia showed that trade was soley linked to western Europe
 * little improvements in agricultural methods
 * aristocrats who were western influenced protested against the practice of serfdom
 * was recurring peasant rebellion
 * pugachev rebellion
 * new cultural exchange was exchanged between western and eastern europe
 * smaller eastern Europeans lost political autonomy.

There was definitely more westernization under Peter rather than Catherine. He was more open to the ideas that they had for example their idea of political organization. he improved arm's weaponary with the help of Western advisors. also there was similarities along the lines of Russian culture to that of the Western culture. for example giving upper class women more power in marriage. Cathrine the great on the other hand wasnt suceptible to western udeas. there were some conformities like using the philsophies of the enlightenement as well as patronizing western-style art and archiecture.
 * 1) Compare the extent of Westernization under Peter and Catherine

compare the labor system that emerged in russia and the spanish colonies in the americas 1400-800 3 paragraphs. Thesis Through the 1400s all the way up to the 1800s, labor systems emerged throughout Russia and Spanish colonies. Both the serfdom and encomienda system were created for polical reasons however the Russia labor system with a greater degree of severity than the natives in the encomienda system.

Similarities The governmentat the time all sponsored the creations of the labor systems. During the creation of serfdom there was social unrest. Peasants were rebelling and the nobility was dissatisified. Since they peasants were already indebted to the noble landowners, Catherine the great signed off on the creation of serfdom. This would have the benefit of appeasing the landowners as well as suppressing the peasants. Though there reason were different Spain did the exact same thing. The conquistdors were doing so much for the crown when they went out and conquered land. This led to rewards by Isabela of Indian natives. The government appeased the conquistadors and they also had the benefit of spreading their relgion, Christianity as well as materials to trade.

Differendces while both the encomendia system and sefdom restricted the rights of the coerced laborers, they were changes to lessen the severity of encomenida system The labor systems during the 1300s to 1800s one that was severally harsh to those who worked in them. The Russian labor system, serfdom was for those who were indebted to the landowners. In return they could be bought, sold, or even gambled away. Also their was no laws passed that protect the rights of the serfs. This was a direct contrast to the Spanish labor system. The encomendia was the forced cooperation of the natives who the conquistadors were colonizing at the time. However there were laws that protected to some extent their life and got paid some wages.