The+Americas



ESPIRIT ON AZTECS

Summary: The Aztecs were established in 1325 after the defeat of the Toltec Empire around 1150. There rise to pwoer was instanteous as they discovered the city of Tenochtitlan. From there they took over lands and towns and became a dominate power in the Americas. Everything in the Aztec empire such as society, economy, was centered around religion. In society the milatary class emerged and expanded due to human sacrifice and the k ing was seen as the representative of god on earth. in the economy aspect of the empire. There was the god Tlaloc, god of agricultureal and ferility that helped guide the Aztecs to build a new device called chinampas. The idea of tributes benefited religion with the captives for sacrifice and the economy for more land and laborers.

ESPIRIT ON INCAS · || · Conquered people were enlisted in the Inca armies · Subject people received access to goods · Laborers or mita were an essential aspect of Inca control · Yanas served only as servants, artisans, or workers · Inca nobility was taken from 10 royal ayllus || o Launched campaign that gave him control of Cuzco to Lake Titiacaca · Topac Yupanqui o successor conquered the kingdom of Chimor · Huayna Capac (1493-1527) o Suppressed rebellion · Used practice of split inheritance to pass down political power · Twantinsyu divided into 4 great provines under a governor · Developed state bureaucracy · Local rulers or curacas maintained position exchange for loyalty || · Inca armies extended control after they conquered the kingdom of Chimor · Between 9 and 13 million came together under the Inca empire · Empire was connected through a series of almost 2500 miles of roads which included bridges || · Incas held the sun as highest diety · Temple of the Sun centered of the state religion · Viracocha a creator god · Belief based on animism and spiritual power · Huacas o Holy shrines for prayer · Women prepared cloth and food for sacrifice || · Pottery and cloth were produced in specialized workshops · Inca artisans worked on gold and silver · Had no system of writing · Used a system of knotted strings or called quipu. o It recorded numerical information · || · Advanced skills in metalworking in the Americas · Had extensive o Road systems o Water management o Statecrat o Architecture o Public buildsings · ||
 * E || * Incas depended on forms of agriculture developed by the Aztecs
 * Vast majority of men were peasants or herders
 * Women worked in the fields
 * Maize a kind of crop was grown on an irrigated land
 * State regulation on production and surplus limited trade
 * S || · The high priest was a close relative of emperor
 * P || · Ruler of Pachacuti
 * I || · Period of war between rival local chiefdoms and small states
 * R || · Deceased rulers were mummified
 * I || · Quecha language was intergrated into the Inca empires.
 * T || · Tambo were way station

Summary: The Incas was a society of huge complexity. Though they didn’t focus too much on trade and economy, they were extremely sufficient and self reliant society. The way there societies interacted was one of a usual society. There was a monarchy with the emperor as the highest official and a high preist as chief advisor who was usually a close relative. As soon as the emperor died the method of split inheritance was put into place so that political power was passed down. Conquered people became part of the masses and became laborers who were essential to the Inca empire. There was also another class called yanas who served as artisans, workers, and servants. Artisan were an essential part of the Inca society. They helped make exquisite pottery and cloth only produced in specialized workshops, they help advance metal working skills along with architecture.

Tamisha Claude Mr.Green A.P World 11/29/10 Post Classical Americas Essay The 14th century marked a new time in post classical MesoAmerica. Two distinct yet intertwined empires and societies emerged: the Aztecs and the Incas. As they both rose to power in the 15th century they began to Emerge around the same place gave both civilizations similar features in the way their genders interacted as well as the way their class structure was created. Also it gave them akin economies with subtle variations and divergence. Since almost the beginning of time there was a definite line between the male role in society and the female’s role in society. Centuries later though, that line was soon blurred. As can be seen in both the Aztecs and Incas societies women were now fully recognized as citizens or as equals to their male counterparts. They were able to pass down land to children, they were able to inherit land from a deceased father, mother, or husband and also they were given the same duties-like working in the fields- beside the male leader in their lives. There was a subtle variation in the lives of Inca women not seen in the lives of Aztecs women. In Inca societies there was a great deal of focus or emphasis on military values so there was still a hint of powerful male vs the submissive female. Societies was not only defined by gender relations in both the Aztec and Inca communities, class structure was a leading factor as well. As can be seen in both civilizations, both strayed away from the old traditional labels of the allyus and capillis. Social hierarchy soon emerged and the nobility class dominated. The nobility class had the best and greatest positions in society where they acquired private land and were distinguished by dresses and customs. Despite the fact that they both had a leading nobility class there was differences between the class structures of the Aztecs and Incas. The society of the Aztecs had more intricate class structures where they had a merchant class called pocheas and focused more on having an economic society. The society of the Incas did not believe in having a merchant class at all. They focused more on the religious aspect of society where celebrations and festivals centered around the gods and also the priest and women who served in the temples. Since the Aztecs and the Incas developed in the same area of MesoAmerica the economic aspect of both civilizations were similar. In the two societies there was an intensive spotlight on agriculture and how it was organized, surplus production, and circulation of goods. Because both developed in the region of MesoAmerica there was a good source of trade. The Aztecs however traded more and to further distances than the Incas. They also had greater markets that highlighted different goods from different regions and they demanded tribunes from their subjects. The Incas didn’t trade much at all. They believed in a more self sufficient society where the money was generated from labor of the lands. After the rise of power of both Aztecs and Incas there were hints of similar but subtle differences social and economic patterns in the other’s civilization. Gender relations, class structures, and economies all made the Aztecs and the Incas distinct within their own era.

Paragraph Rewrite Both the Aztecs and the the Incas handled their gender relations in a distinct manner. Aztec and Incas society had women fully recognized as citizens or as equals to their male counterparts. they were able to pass down land to children, they wer able to inherit land from a deceased father, mother or husband and also were given the same duties like working in the fields, besides the male presence in their lives. these rights and duties were not previously seen in past descedants so both the Incas and the Aztecs took a step forward into history. however there was a subtle variation in the lives of Inca women not seen in the lives of Aztec women. in Inca societies there was a great deal of focus or emphasis on miltary values so there was till a hint of powerful male vs the submissive female.